All about dinosaurs, fossils and prehistoric animals by Everything Dinosaur team members.
5 03, 2019

Designing New Dinosaur Models is Rewarding Work

By |2023-11-30T15:06:49+00:00March 5th, 2019|Dinosaur Fans, Everything Dinosaur Products, Main Page, Photos of Everything Dinosaur Products, Product Reviews|0 Comments

Designing Dinosaur Models

Designing dinosaur and prehistoric animal models is a tricky business.  With the advent of three-dimensional printing technology and modelling software, things have got a little easier but there is still all the work involved in creating prototypes, mould building and so on.  Today, we feature the Kaiyodo Sofubi Toy Box T. rex figure, a dinosaur model that was developed to demonstrate how scientific thinking regarding the stance of theropod dinosaurs such as Tyrannosaurus rex has changed over the last hundred years or so.

The Japanese model maker Kaiyodo has employed state-of-the-art modelling techniques to produce fantastic, highly collectable dinosaur models and figures.  The design team excelled themselves when developing a collectable figure with ten points of articulation.  Many models have an articulated lower jaw, but for the design team at Kaiyodo, doing the ordinary was out  of the question, in their limited edition T. rex Toy Box figures, they opted for an articulated upper jaw instead.

Demonstrating the Articulated Upper Jaw on the Kaiyodo Sofubi Toy Box T. rex Figure

Video credit: Everything Dinosaur

Articulated Dinosaur Models

There has been a trend in recent years for dinosaur models to have articulated jaws and front limbs.  One of the benefits of an articulated jaw for example, is this feature does permit collectors to be able to close the mouth of their figure.  Many theropod dinosaur models tend to depict these animals with their mouth open, not a natural pose at all.

Most tetrapods don’t walk round all day with the jaws wide open.  It is the lower jaw that is articulated in the vast majority of these figures. However, in order to demonstrate their engineering credentials, the design team at Kaiyodo gave their Sofubi Toy Box T. rex an articulated upper jaw (premaxilla and maxilla), as demonstrated in this short forty-five second video.

The Kaiyodo Sofubi Toy Box T. rex in “Kangaroo” Pose

Kaiyodo Sofubi Toy Box T. rex
Kaiyodo Sofubi Toy Box T. rex in a “kangaroo” pose. Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur.

Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur

From Kangaroo to a Balanced See-saw

When first scientifically described, Tyrannosaurus rex was illustrated as a biped whose tail dragged on the ground.  The articulated tail of the Sofubi Toy Box T. rex permits the model to displayed in this position, a pose described as a “kangaroo pose” or sometimes a “kangaroo stance”.  However, the ingenious engineering allows this figure to be displayed in what is thought to be a more anatomically accurate pose, with the centre of balance over the hips and the tail lifted off the ground – a sort of pose described as a “balanced see-saw”.

The Kaiyodo Sofubi T. rex Model in a “Balanced See-saw” Stance

The Kaiyodo Sofubi Toy Box articulated T. rex model.
The Kaiyodo Sofubi Toy Box articulated T. rex figure with the tail lifted off the ground. Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur.

Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur

When it comes to the engineering behind the design of dinosaur models, you have to hand it to Kaiyodo…

A Handy Dinosaur Model

T. rex dinosaur model (Kaiyodo Sofubi Toy Box - T. rex A).
Kaiyodo Sofubi Toy Box T. rex dinosaur figure (T. rex A).

To visit the Everything Dinosaur website: Everything Dinosaur.

The Kaiyodo Sofubi Toy Box T. rex figure is suitable for collectors from fifteen years and above and it can be found here: Kaiyodo Prehistoric Animal Models.

4 03, 2019

Feathered Theropod Models Triumph in Poll

By |2023-11-24T13:40:31+00:00March 4th, 2019|Dinosaur Fans, Everything Dinosaur News and Updates, Main Page, Photos of Everything Dinosaur Products|0 Comments

Feathered or Scaly Theropod Dinosaur Models?  The Results are In

Recently, Everything Dinosaur team members set up a poll on the company’s Facebook site asking dinosaur fans and model enthusiasts which they preferred, feathered theropod dinosaur models or models of theropods with scaly skins?

The results are in and in this particular survey it is the feathered theropod dinosaur models that have come out on top.  It’s a feather in the cap for feathered theropod model designers.

Which Type of Theropod Model do you Prefer – Feathered or Scaly?

Feathered Theropod models preferred over scaly-skinned Theropod models.
In Everything Dinosaur’s survey of dinosaur model preferences with collectors it was the feathered theropods that triumphed.  In this poll, 59% of respondents opted for the feathered dinosaur model option.

Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur

Theropod Models Reflecting Current Scientific Thinking

Step back ten years and virtually all the models of fearsome, carnivorous dinosaurs such as Allosaurus, Acrocanthosaurus and Tyrannosaurus rex were entirely devoid of a feathery integument.  Many mainstream manufacturers still prefer to produce non-feathered figures, an example being Schleich of Germany.

Schleich Have Yet to Produce a Feathered T. rex Dinosaur Model

Schleich Tyrannosaurus rex models circa 2008 and circa 2017.
Comparing Schleich Tyrannosaurus rex dinosaur models through time.  Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur.

Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur

Other model manufacturers have chosen to reflect current scientific thinking and produce feathered theropod replicas, including fuzzy T. rex dinosaur models.  Schleich has moved towards introducing feathered theropods, a number of dromaeosaurids have been introduced into their range over the last few years with varying degrees of feathery integumentary covering.

A model of the Late Triassic, fast-running predator Tawa (T. hallae), which was introduced by Schleich in 2018, has a feathery crest on its head and a “tuft” of feathers on its tail.  The Schleich Psittacosaurus, a model of an ornithischian dinosaur, which was also introduced by Schleich last year, had feathers, reflecting the current scientific thinking.  In addition, the Oviraptor and the Therizinosaurus, both examples of theropod dinosaurs have feathers, perhaps it is just a matter of time before Schleich introduces a feathered Tyrannosaurus rex.

Schleich Prehistoric Animal Model Releases in 2018 – A Trend Towards More Feathers?

New Schleich prehistoric animals (2018).
New Schleich prehistoric animal models (2018).  The new Schleich models introduced last year showed examples of feathery integumentary coverings.  Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur.

Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur

See Schleich models available from Everything Dinosaur: Schleich Prehistoric Animal Models and Figures.

59% Versus 41%

In the Everything Dinosaur poll, 59% of respondents voted in favour of feathered theropod dinosaur models, whilst 41% stated that they preferred scaly theropod figures.  A big thank you to all those who participated.  We appreciate all the comments that were posted up and the “shares” of our Facebook post too.

The Everything Dinosaur Facebook page provides status updates, photos, links to news stories and blog posts as well as lots of prehistoric animal model features.

We believe customer service is the key to getting "likes".
Visit Everything Dinosaur on Facebook.

Visit the Everything Dinosaur website: Everything Dinosaur.

3 03, 2019

New Research into Late Triassic Frogs of North America

By |2023-11-23T14:50:38+00:00March 3rd, 2019|Dinosaur and Prehistoric Animal News Stories, Main Page, Palaeontological articles, Photos/Pictures of Fossils|0 Comments

The Earliest Equatorial Record of Frogs

Researchers including palaeontologists from the Department of Geosciences at Virginia Tech, have identified tiny fossil fragments collected from Upper Triassic deposits in Arizona that provide evidence of the oldest known frogs from North America.  Although, no new genus has been erected, the scientists are confident that further study of the microfossils at the location may yield skull and jaw bones which will result in the naming of new species.

A Little Chinle Frog Has a Close Encounter with a Phytosaur

A suggested encounter between a frog and a phytosaur.
A Chinle frog encounters a phytosaur. It is likely that phytosaurs would have fed on amphibians.

Picture credit: Andrey Atuchin

The Oldest Known Frogs from North America

The fossils are composed of several tiny pieces of hip bone, (from the ilium), they were collected last May from three separate locations within the famous Chinle Formation and they have been dated to between 223 and 213 million years ago.  The bones represent the earliest equatorial record of the Salientia, the group that includes stem and crown-frogs.  These tiny amphibians, little more than two centimetres in length, are not direct ancestors of modern frogs (Anura).

One of the authors of the scientific paper, published in the journal Biology Letters, Assistant Professor Michelle Stocker, stated that these fossils underscore the importance of microfossil collection, analysis and study as it helps palaeontologists to build up a more comprehensive picture of an ancient ecosystem.

New Insights into a Triassic Ecosystem

Assistant Professor Stocker explained:

“This new find highlights just how much there is still to learn about the Late Triassic ecosystem and how much we can find when we just look a little closer.  We are familiar with the charismatic archosaurs from the Chinle Formation, but we know that based on other ecosystems, they should make up a small percentage of the animals that lived together.  With this new focus, we are able to fill in a lot of those missing smaller components with new discoveries.”

Time-calibrated Stratigraphic and the Geographical Distribution Across Pangaea of Triassic and Jurassic Anurans

The stratigraphic and biogeographic distribution of Triassic and Jurassic fossil frogs.
Time-calibrated stratigraphic and biogeographic distribution of Triassic and Jurassic Period anuran specimens.

Picture credit: Biology Letters

The image above shows (a) the stratigraphic sequence indicating the three fossil examples of Chinle frogs and their relationship to the Early Jurassic Prosalirus (MNA 291) from the Kayenta Formation (Arizona), whilst (b) shows the biogeographic distribution of fossil anurans from the Jurassic and Triassic.  Note, the proximity of the Late Triassic Chinle frogs to the equator.  Photograph (c) shows an eyelash sized fossil ilium whilst (d) and (e) are computerised scans of the same fossil material shown in lateral and medial views.  Scale bars equal 1 millimetre.

Chinle Formation Frogs – Long and Hollow Hip Bones

The fossil material gathered from extensive sieving  and screen washing of sediments in order to obtain microvertebrate fossils, consists of long, hollow hip bones with the hip socket offset rather than centred, anatomical traits that are characteristic of frogs and that help to support their hoping style of locomotion.  Stocker and her collaborators include fellow scientists from Virginia Tech, Arizona’s Petrified Forest National Park, and the University of Florida’s Museum of Natural History.

The Chinle frogs share more features with living frogs and Prosalirus, a genus of Early Jurassic frog found in sediments from the present-day Navajo Nation (Arizona), than to Triadobatrachus, an Early Triassic frog discovered in Madagascar.

Stocker added:

“These are the oldest frogs from near the equator.  The oldest frogs overall are roughly 250 million years old from Poland [Czatkobatrachus] and Madagascar, but those specimens are from higher latitudes and are not equatorial.”

Comparing the Ilia of Stem Anurans

Comparing fossilised hip bones from stem anurans (frogs).
Comparing the ilia of stem anurans and those of extant frogs (Ascaphus, Leiopelma, Alytes and Barbourula) scale bar = 1 mm.

Picture credit: Biology Letters

Frog Evolution

Co-author Sterling Nesbitt (Virginia Tech), commented:

“Now we know that tiny frogs were present approximately 215 million years ago from North America, we may be able to find other members of the modern vertebrate communities in the Triassic Period.”

This is the first time that frog fossils have been found in sediments associated with phytosaurs and early members of the Dinosauria.

The research team hope that further work screening and washing sediments from the Chinle Formation sites, will yield more information about the tiny animals that lived alongside some of the first dinosaurs in North America.

A spokesperson from Everything Dinosaur stated:

“The sieving and screen washing methodology employed to discover the tiny hip bones and fossil material associated with Late Triassic frogs could also be used to help identify other small animals that lived in this ecosystem, animals such as salamanders, early squamates and even small mammals.”

Everything Dinosaur acknowledges the assistance of a press release from the Virginia Tech College of Science in the compilation of this article.

The scientific paper: “The Earliest Equatorial Record of Frogs from the Late Triassic of Arizona” by Michelle R. Stocker, Sterling J. Nesbitt, Ben T. Kligman, Daniel J. Paluh, Adam D. Marsh, David C. Blackburn and William G. Parker published in Biology Letters.

Visit the Everything Dinosaur website: Everything Dinosaur.

3 03, 2019

Excellent Feedback from a Teacher

By |2023-11-23T14:42:10+00:00March 3rd, 2019|General Teaching, Key Stage 1/2|Comments Off on Excellent Feedback from a Teacher

Feedback from a Teacher

Everything Dinosaur team members are busy sorting out all the dinosaur and fossil themed workshops and school visits that we have scheduled over the rest of this spring term.  Our visits to school are extremely popular and we have a very congested teaching itinerary for the spring and summer terms of this academic year.  We even have confirmed bookings for teaching work for the spring of 2020.

We get lots of positive feedback as demonstrated by the many testimonials that we receive.  Take for example, this email received this weekend from a Year 1 teacher after a morning of dinosaur and fossil themed activities with her class.

The teacher emailed to say:

“Just a quick email to say thank you so much for the wonderful morning we all had this morning.  The whole class absolutely loved everything.  We have learnt so many exciting dinosaur facts and it has definitely given the start of our topic the wow factor.”

Everything Dinosaur Receives Feedback from a Teacher

Our team members are often praised by members of the teaching team. With a background in teaching we can adjust the lesson plan to meet the children’s needs.

Teaching Feedback.
Five stars for Everything Dinosaur! Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur.

Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur

For dinosaur themed, educational toys and games: Dinosaur Toys and Gifts.

The teacher went on:

“Thank you for the resources you have sent too.  We are looking forward to creating our own dinosaurs and drawing and labelling them for you amongst other things.”

Everything Dinosaur team members are happy to help where they can and we tend to bring some extra resources and teaching materials with us when we visit schools.  Our teaching team members get lots of positive feedback from teachers and teaching assistants as a result of conducting our dinosaur and fossil themed workshops in schools.

Visit Everything Dinosaur’s website: Everything Dinosaur.

2 03, 2019

Beasts of the Mesozoic Atrociraptor

By |2023-11-23T14:33:49+00:00March 2nd, 2019|Adobe CS5, Dinosaur Fans, Everything Dinosaur Products, Main Page, Photos, Photos of Everything Dinosaur Products|0 Comments

Beasts of the Mesozoic Atrociraptor marshalli

Our thanks to dinosaur model fan and collector Caroline who sent us some beautiful photographs of her recently purchased Beasts of the Mesozoic Atrociraptor marshalli figure.  The taxonomic position of Atrociraptor within the Dromaeosauridae remains contentious, however, with a short, powerful jaw and oversized teeth this predator lives up to its scientific name meaning, that of “cruel or savage thief”.

Everything Dinosaur were sent some Photographs of the Atrociraptor Figure Outdoors

Atrociraptor marshalli (Beasts of the Mesozoic) a 1:6 scale dinosaur figure.
The Beasts of the Mesozoic Atrociraptor marshalli dinosaur model.  A beautifully composed photograph.

Picture credit: Caroline

The outdoor location really brings out the colouration of the model, the exquisite way in which the bright red elements of the plumage have been blended in with the muted tones of brown and black.  The sun lit model highlights the texture and the individual feathers on the torso and the top of hips can be clearly seen in this well-composed photograph.

Atrociraptor marshalli

Named and described in 2004, some eighty years after the far better known Velociraptor (V. mongoliensis) was described, this dinosaur is estimated to have reached a length of approximately two metres and weighed around fifteen kilogrammes.  The fossil material associated with this genus comes from the famous Horseshoe Canyon Formation of southern Alberta, however, a single jaw fragment and some isolated teeth from the Two Medicine Formation of Montana may also represent Atrociraptor.

Everything Dinosaur’s Scale Drawing of Atrociraptor marshalli

Atrociraptor marshalli scale drawing.
A scale drawing of the dromaeosaurid Atrociraptor marshalli. Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur.

Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur

Fast Delivery of a Fast Member of the Dromaeosauridae

When sending her pictures to Everything Dinosaur Caroline commented:

“The order arrived not long ago.  Thank you for the fast delivery.  Please use the photos of the Beasts of the Mesozoic Atrociraptor marshalli if you wish.”

We are happy to post up Caroline’s excellent photographs, pictures of a fast running dinosaur, that was delivered quite fast as well.

Visit the Everything Dinosaur website: Everything Dinosaur.

The Beasts of the Mesozoic Atrociraptor marshalli Dinosaur Figure

A view of the Beasts of the Mesozoic Atrociraptor marshalli figure.
A close-up view of the distinctive short snout and the oversized teeth of the beautifully crafted Beasts of the Mesozoic Atrociraptor marshalli figure.

Picture credit: Caroline

The photograph (above), shows a close-up view of the head of the Beasts of the Mesozoic model.  The characteristic short, robust snout and the oversized teeth that helped to define this genus can clearly be seen in this beautifully composed picture.

A spokesperson for Everything Dinosaur praised the images saying:

“We are always pleased to receive photographs of purchases from customers.  The Atrociraptor model looks fantastic in these outdoor shots.”

To view the Beasts of the Mesozoic Atrociraptor marshalli and the rest of the Beasts of the Mesozoic articulated “raptor” models available from Everything Dinosaur: Beasts of the Mesozoic Models.

1 03, 2019

Nemicolopterus or a Juvenile Sinopterus?

By |2023-11-23T14:28:47+00:00March 1st, 2019|Adobe CS5, Dinosaur and Prehistoric Animal Drawings, Dinosaur Fans, Everything Dinosaur Products, Main Page, Photos of Everything Dinosaur Products|0 Comments

Nemicolopterus or a Juvenile Sinopterus?

As it is March 1st, team members at Everything Dinosaur, thought it appropriate that on St David’s Day, the patron saint of Wales, it might be a good idea to post up a picture of one of the welsh dinosaurs such as Pantydraco (P. caducus) or the recently described Dracoraptor (D. hanigani), but in the end we decided to post up a picture of a very tiny pterosaur instead.

As we prepare for the arrival of the new for 2019 PNSO models, we have been busy researching and writing fact sheets to accompany sales of these figures.  One of these new PNSO models is a replica of Nemicolopterus, which if it is a valid genus, represents the smallest member of the Pterosauria described to date.

Everything Dinosaur’s Scale Drawing of the Tiny Chinese Pterosaur Nemicolopterus crypticus

Nemicolopterus crypticus scale drawing.
A scale drawing of the tiny pterosaur named Nemicolopterus.  Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur.

Picture credit: Everything Dinosaur

A Tiny Chinese Pterosaur

With a wingspan not much bigger than a garden robin (Erithacus rubecula), Nemicolopterus probably weighed less than 100 grams.  Assigned to the Tapejaridae family, this little flying reptile, known from a single fossil specimen, has attracted quite a lot of controversy since it was named and described in 2008.

To read Everything Dinosaur’s 2008 article about the discovery of Nemicolopterus: New Species of Tiny Pterosaur from China.

The unfused bones and body proportions are very typical of a juvenile pterosaur.  It has been suggested that the fossil specimen might not represent a tiny species, but the juvenile stage of a much larger pterosaur.  For example, a number of academics have compared the Nemicolopterus fossil to juvenile specimens of the tapejarid Sinopterus, which is also known from China.

The New for 2019 PNSO Age of Dinosaurs Nemicolopterus Model

PNSO Nemicolopterus model.
The PNSO Nemicolopterus pterosaur model.

To view the range of PNSO pterosaurs and dinosaurs: PNSO Age of Dinosaurs Figures.

The PNSO Nemicolopterus (or whatever genus the figure should represent), is coming into stock at Everything Dinosaur in the next few weeks.

Dragons and Dinosaurs

It has been suggested that Nemicolopterus may not be a valid genus.  It has been proposed that the fossil material should be re-assigned to the genus Sinopterus.  Whatever the outcome, on March 1st, in honour of a Welsh national symbol and with a nod towards the orient and the legends of dragons from the Far East, we thought it appropriate to post up some images of a tiny flying reptile.

Happy St David’s Day.

Visit the Everything Dinosaur website: Everything Dinosaur.

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